Halfway through the general election campaign, the Labour Party’s publication of its 136-page manifesto means that the three major political parties have all now put their future plans on show. Both the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats issued separate costing documents containing more tax and spend detail, while Labour included a ‘Fiscal Plan’ section at the end of its manifesto.
This summary covers the main proposals on personal tax, business tax and related matters of the three main national parties. However, given that the total page count of the three manifestos was 333 pages, it does not claim to be exhaustive – there are some smaller, detailed plans which could not be included in a summary. As ever, what is not mentioned in a manifesto can be as important as the manifesto’s content, for example, any mention of capital gains tax from Labour. We include links to the relevant documents should you wish to delve deeper.
In this instance past performance may be a guide to the future: manifesto plans do not always survive post-election realities.
Overview
Party | Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
Oddschecker.com odds of overall majority | 1/16 | 66/1 | 1000/1 |
Pre-election MPs | 206 | 345 | 15 |
Documents | Manifesto Fiscal Plan | Manifesto Costings | Manifesto Costings |
Total tax changes | +£8.6bn (approx.) in 2028/29 | -£17.2bn in 2029/30 | +£26.8bn in 2028/29 |
Largest new expenditure | £1.7bn a year: Great British Energy | £10.5bn in 2029/30: Cut in employee NICs | £8.35bn in 2028/29: NHS and social care |
Tax avoidance/ evasion savings | £5.23bn in 2028/29 (includes ‘closing further non-dom tax loopholes’) | £6bn in 2029/30 | £7.23bn in 2028/29 |
Main proposals
PERSONAL TAX
The focus for most voters and much of the debate so far, the tax burden on families and individuals is a key battleground.
Income tax policies
Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
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National insurance contributions (NICs)
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PENSIONS
The rising cost of retirement, ageing population plus voting patterns of pensioners, put pensions in the spotlight.
Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
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· no new taxes on pensions; · retention of 25% tax free lump sum; · tax relief on pension contributions to stay at the marginal rate; and · no NICs on employer pension contributions.
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CAPITAL TAXES
Capital gains tax | ||
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· 45% or gains exceeding £100,000, · 40% between £50,000-£100,000 and · 20% on other gains
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Stamp duty land tax | ||
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Inheritance tax | ||
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WELFARE
The ‘third rail’ of politics, funding for social care in particular is contentious area, as demonstrated by previous governments.
Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
State pensions | ||
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Universal credit | ||
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Other benefits | ||
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Social care in England | ||
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BUSINESS TAXES
With economic growth at the centre of much of the election messaging so far, the future of business taxes will play a key role.
Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
Corporation tax | ||
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VAT | ||
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Business rates | ||
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Minimum/Living Wage | ||
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Other measures | ||
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FISCAL RULES
The financial framework for achieving any of the policies outlined is itself an issue in the election, although in this area there is both surprising consistency and, in the view of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a conspiracy of silence.
Labour | Conservative | Liberal Democrat |
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Other parties
We have included the main national parties here, but of course there are also manifestos for other parties standing nationally and in the devolved countries.
GREEN PARTY
The Green Party manifesto includes policies to:
- Levy wealth tax to raise £15 bn – 1% on assets over £10m and 2% over £1bn
- Increase the NHS budget in England by £8bn.
- Add 8% NICs on earnings over 40% threshold of £50,270, affecting more taxpayers as threshold freeze bites.
- Remove VAT on cultural activities across UK.
- Fund social and personal care up to £20bn, funded by wealth taxes and a carbon tax.
- Legislate for frequent flyer levies, rent controls and ban on no-fault evictions, plus the nationalisation of rail, water and top five energy companies.
REFORM PARTY
The Reform Party manifesto can be viewed at https://www.reformparty.uk/policies
SCOTTISH NATIONAL PARTY
The Scottish National Party manifesto can be downloaded using https://www.snp.org/manifesto/
PLAID CYMRU
The Plaid Cymru manifesto is available at https://www.partyof.wales/manifesto
NORTHERN IRELAND
There are a number of parties running for election across Northern Ireland’s 18 constituencies, with only the main two – Alliance Party and SDLP – contesting all seats.
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