Divorce can be an emotionally and financially taxing process, with many aspects to consider and negotiate. Among the myriad issues to address, the division of assets, including pensions, often takes centre stage. Pensions are a critical component of financial security in retirement, making the equitable distribution of pension benefits a crucial consideration in divorce settlements.

Pensions are often one of the most valuable assets acquired during a marriage and one that can often be overlooked, or not fully investigated when discussing how best to separate assets between spouses. To ensure a fair and equitable outcome, it is essential to understand the legal framework surrounding pensions on divorce.

The first step in handling pensions during a divorce is to ascertain the total value of the pension. This involves obtaining up-to-date statements and determining the type of pension in question. In the UK, there are generally two primary types of pensions: defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. Defined benefit plans promise a specific payout at retirement based on a formula, while defined contribution plans consist of contributions made by the individual and/or their employer, with the value fluctuating based on market performance. Interestingly, most private pensions rights are treated as marital assets, but most State Pension entitlements are not.

Once the total value of the pension is determined, the next step is deciding how to divide it. There are several methods for this, with the most common often being the “pension sharing” or “pension offset” approach. Under pension sharing, the court divides the pension directly, with each spouse receiving a portion of the pension funds. The pension offset method, on the other hand, offsets the value of the pension against other marital assets. This may involve giving one spouse a larger share of the home or other investments in exchange for the other spouse’s share of the pension. Both of these options can offer a clean break, which is often the more preferred outcome we find these days.

In some cases, couples may opt for a “pension attachment/earmarking” arrangement. In pension attachment, the ex-spouse is entitled to a portion of the pension when it is paid out to the pension holder, while in pension earmarking, the ex-spouse will receive their share directly from the pension provider. These arrangements can offer flexibility but may also come with potential drawbacks, such as a delay in accessing the funds or complications in the event of the pension holder’s death. We find this option is increasingly seldom used these days, as often does not provide a clean break.

Additionally, the timing of pension division is a crucial factor to consider. Pensions can often only be accessed upon retirement, so the division process may not be immediate. It is important to include specific language in the pension sharing order to outline how and when the pension will be divided to avoid any disputes later.

Older divorcees may have additional issues and implications that they need to consider. A few examples are:

• Time– how long may be required to make up any pension shortfall occurring from any pension debit applied?
• New property– pension access may be required to fund purchase of a new property. Could there be tax implications for large sum withdrawals and/or an impact on income available in future years?
• Inexperienced investor– may never had a pension in their own right & require support to understand and manage it.
• Defined benefit schemes– could a requirement to take benefits immediately affect their tax bracket and push them into paying a higher rate of tax than they were previously factoring in?

All divorcing couples should also be aware of the tax implications of dividing pensions. Different pension distribution methods can result in varying tax consequences, which can impact the overall financial outcome of the divorce. It is advisable to consult with a financial planner to understand the tax implications and plan accordingly.

In conclusion, the division of pensions in divorce is a complex process that requires careful consideration of the pension’s value, the legal framework, and the tax implications. Seeking professional advice from both legal and financial professionals can be vital to ensure a fair and equitable settlement. By navigating this complex terrain effectively, divorcing couples can protect their financial future and secure their retirement whilst moving forward into the next chapter of their lives.

To speak to a Chartered Financial Planner with specialist knowledge and experience in assisting clients achieve the best outcome before, during and post-divorce, please contact us on 0330 320 9280, email info@cravenstreeetwealth.com or complete our online enquiry form.

The content of this article is for information only and does not constitute formal financial advice. This material is for general information only and does not constitute investment, tax, legal or other forms of advice.

You should not rely on this information to make, or refrain from making any decisions. Always obtain independent, professional advice for your own particular situation.

Craven Street Financial Planning Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.